湖北省钟祥市百岁老人健康状况评估与慢性病调查

Health Assessment and Chronic Diseases Research of the Centenarians in Hubei Zhongxiang

目的对我国长寿之乡——湖北钟祥百岁老人进行健康状况评估与慢性病调查,探讨百岁老人长寿的影响因素。方法于2013年1月—2014年1月对湖北省钟祥市百岁老人进行走访、健康体检和问卷调查,问卷调查表依据《中国健康老年人标准（2013）》设计拟定,包括认知功能（MMSE）、心理状况（GDS）和生活自理能力（ADL）评分。同时进行健康体检和采集血样标本,进行血液常规、肝肾功能、血脂及血糖检查。随机走访了4个乡镇的百岁老人,完成有效问卷调查共10人,对问卷结果、体检和各项血液生化检查进行综合评估及疾病谱分析。结果 10位百岁老人年龄100-110岁,平均年龄103岁,男性4人,女性6人。农民9人,退休教师1人。营养评定显示,营养状况中等8人、良好与较差各1人。简易智能量表（MMSE）评分：认知功能正常4人,不同程度的认知功能障碍6人,无痴呆老人。老年抑郁量表（GDS）评分：10人均〈15分,无老年抑郁表现。日常生活活动量表（ADL）评分：最低36,最高87分,平均72分,显示10位百岁老人日常生活活动能力均不同程度下降的差异较大。主要疾病为：高脂血症80%;高血压60%;支气管炎30%;白内障20%;冠心病、支气管哮喘、肝功能异常、肾功能不全、帕金森病、血小板减少症和颈部包块各10%。普遍存在不同程度的耳聋、视力下降和缺齿。结论 10位百岁老人大多生活在乡村,生活条件简陋,文化程度低,但生活规律,主观幸福感较强。重要脏器的增龄性改变未导致功能异常,无痴呆老人,未发现心脑血管重大疾病致残者。罹患慢性病1~3种∕人,均带病长寿,生活质量尚佳。

Objectives To discuss the influence factors of centenarian longevity through health assessment and chronic diseases research in Zhongxiang,Hubei Province,where is known as longevity township in China.Methods Questionnaire investigation,physical examination were conducted on centenarians in Zhongxiang from January 2013 to January 2014.The questionnaire was designed based on ＂Standard of health of the elderly in China（2013）＂.The peripheral blood tests were conducted to examine the blood routine,liver and kidney function,blood lipids and blood glucose.Four towns were selected randomly,and 10 centenarians were visited validly.The results including questionnaire,physical examination,laboratory tests and spectrum of disease were analyzed and evaluated.Results The ten centenarians aged between 100-110,and the average age was 103.There were four men and six women,nine Farmers and a retired teacher.Eight people showed in medium nutrition condition,and 1in good condition and 1in poor condition.Four people were in normal cognitive function,and 6people existed different levels of cognitive dysfunction,without dementia.Geriatric Depression Scale（GDS）scores of the 10 cases were all below 15 points,and there was no geriatric depression.The minimum of Activities Of Daily Living（ADL）score was 36,the maximum was 87,and the average was 72,which showed the daily life activity ability of the 10 centenarians decreased to different degrees.The major diseases for centenarian were hyperlipidemia（80%）,high blood pressure（60%）,bronchitis（30%）,cataract（20%）,and coronary heart disease,bronchial asthma,renal insufficiency,PD,thrombocytopenia and neck mass account for 10%,respectively.Different degrees of deafness,decreased vision and missing teeth generally existed among the centenarians.Conclusions Centenarians are mostly living in the countryside,with humble living conditions,low degree of culture,but their patterns of life were regular and their subjective well-being were strong.Age-related changes in vital organs do not cause dysfunction,no significant cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases disabled them and there is no senile dementia.All the centenarians live a long life with 1to 3kinds of chronic diseases and comparatively in a health condition.