菜蚜茧蜂载体植物系统的构建及其控害效果

Construction of a banker plant system for Diaeretiella rapae and its control efficiency

载体植物系统是近年发展的新型生物防治技术。本文以桃蚜Myzus persicae Sulzer、甘蓝蚜Brevicoryne brassicae(Linnaeus)和蚕豆蚜Aphis craccivora为候选替代寄主,烟草、玉米、生菜、甘蓝、蚕豆和菜薹为候选载体植物,确定了菜蚜茧蜂的替代寄主为桃蚜,载体植物为烟草。在确定了合适的蜂(♀)蚜比(1∶100)后,以起始桃蚜量2000头/株构建了载体植物系统。该系统28 d内共产生2770头僵蚜,羽化率为83.33%。在菜蚜为100头的菜薹上接入1头由载体植物系统繁殖所得的雌性菜蚜茧蜂,任其自由寄生24 h后移出,其对目标害虫菜蚜的寄生率达到71.17%。在温室1 m×1 m×1 m的白色网笼中放置菜薹植株15盆,分别向每株菜薹上接入菜蚜20头,自由繁殖15 d后置入1株菜蚜茧蜂载体植物系统,其后7 d和14 d的菜蚜减退率分别为83.11%和95.80%。这说明菜蚜茧蜂载体植物系统能产生大量菜蚜茧蜂,并且在温室中能成功地控制菜蚜危害。

Banker plant system is a newly developed biocontrol technique. Here,using 3 aphids（ Myzus persicae,Aphis fabae and Brevicoryne brassicae） as candidate alternative hosts,6 plant species（ tobacco Nicotiana tabacum,corn Zea mays,lettuce Lactuca sativa,cabbage Brassica oleracea,bean Vicia faba and flowering Chinese cabbage B. campestris） as candidate banker plants,we determined Myzus persicae as the alternative host for the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae M’Intosh and tobacco as the banker plant. After optimized the parasitoid（ ♀） aphid ratio（ 1∶100）,a banker plant system of tobacco（ banker plant）-M. persicae（ alternative host）- D. rapae（ beneficial） was constructed with beginning number of 2000 aphids in each tobacco plant. In the system,2770 mummified aphids per plant were obtained within 28 days,and the eclosion rate of D. rapae was 83. 33%. After introducing one female wasp from the banker plant system into a cage with one Chinese cabbage plant with 100 cabbage aphids Lipaphis erysimi,71. 17% aphids were parasitized by D. rapae. In the greenhouse experiment,15 Chinese cabbage plants were put into a cage（ 1 m × 1 m × 1 m） with 20 aphids per plant. Prior to introduction of one banker plant into the cage,the aphids have developed and reproduced for 15 days. The number of cabbage aphid was reduced by 83. 11% and 95. 80%,respectively in the 7thand 14 thday after introducing a banker plant. In short,this banker plant system could produce a large amount of D. rapae,and also could successfully control L. erysimi in the greenhouse.