中国地下水水源饮水健康基准值的建立

The establishment of chinese health-based levels of drinking water for groundwater source

随着地下水中污染物检出的增多,进行水质评估时大量指标没有参考依据,导致很多监测数据无法得到充分利用,造成严重浪费。旨在综合国外基于健康评价基准值(HBSL,Health-Based Screening Levels)研究进展,结合我国具体情况,构建适用于我国的地下水水源饮水健康基准值体系。HBSLs的建立分为汇总指标清单、建立参数数据库、计算基准值三个步骤。参考美国环保局及国际癌症中心制定的指标致癌分级,将污染物分为致癌物质、潜在致癌物质和非致癌物质三类;调研各数据库,获取参考剂量、致癌斜率因子和终身健康咨询值三项参数,并筛选构建HBSLs的参数数据库。运用参考剂量和致癌斜率因子分别计算非致癌物质与致癌物质的HBSLs,对于潜在致癌物质则采用量化风险法或低剂量线性外推模型确定HBSLs。根据计算结果的差异性,提出了四条原则,完成指标基准值的筛选。HBSLs的建立对地下水质量标准是重要的补充。

As more and more contaminants were detected in groundwater, many contaminants had no reference when conducted the water quality evaluation, which resulting in a serious waste of data. This paper aimed to combine the Health-Based Screening Levels （HBSLs） with Chinese groundwater conditions, establishing a HBSLs standard which is suitable to chinese groundwater evaluation. The establishment of HBSLs include the collection of contaminants, parameter database establishment and the calculation of reference value. According to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and International Cancer Center, the contaminants can be defined as carcinogens, potential carcinogen and non-carcinogens. The establishment of HBSLs database is based on reference dose, carcinogenic slope factor and lifetime health advisory value which were obtained through the investigation of various database. The HBSLs of non-carcinogens and carcinogens were calculated by reference dose and carcinogenic slope factor, respectively. Besides, the calculation of potential carcinogen HBSLs was based on quantitative risk method and linear low-dose extrapolation model. According to the results, four principles were proposed in order to complete the selection of reference values. The establishment of HBSLs is an important supplement to groundwater quality standards.