政治语篇隐喻架构之分析——以布什和奥巴马的医保演说为例

An Analysis of the Metaphorical Construction in Political Context——Exemplification with Bush's and Obama's Medical Insurance Speeches

一般认为,政治观点是由道德概念系统衍生而来的。美国两党的道德观不同,共和党是"严父模式"道德观,民主党是"慈父模式"道德观,因此两党在政治上会采取不同的政策。从隐喻架构理论分析美国政治语篇,可以看出表层架构上的差异体现了两党不同的执政思想,深层架构主要包括布什的刺激消费架构、买卖架构和个人负责架构,奥巴马的价格调控架构、社会福利架构和个人参与架构等。研究发现,与布什的医保演说相比,奥巴马的提案能够更合理地控制医保费用的增加,其演说中的社会福利架构和稳定架构使其更容易实现扩大医保覆盖率的目标,个人参与架构使其医保演说接受度相对较高。

It is generally accepted that political opinions are generated out of the system of moral concepts. The two parties of the United States differ in view of morals ： the Republicans take a ＂severe-father-type＂ moral view while the Democrats a ＂kind-father-type＂ moral view. Thus the two parties take different political policies. An analysis in terms of metaphorical construction theory of the political text of the United States finds that differences in surface structure express the two parties＇ different ideas of government while the deep structure mainly involves Bush＇s constructions of stimulating consumption, business and personal responsibility and Obama＇s con- structions of price control and adjustment, social welfare and personal participation. The study also shows that compared with Bush＇s speech of medical insurance, Obama＇s bill offers a more reasonable control of increase of expenditure of medical insurance. The construction of social welfare and stability in his speech makes it easier to realize the aim of expanding the coverage of medical insurance and the construction of personal participation assures a relatively high degree of acceptability.