2009—2013年克拉玛依市手足口病流行状况分析

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Karamay, 2009—2013

目的掌握2009—2013年克拉玛依市手足口病流行特征,为防控提供科学依据。方法以描述流行病学方法分析2009—2013年克拉玛依市手足口病疫情。结果 2009—2013年克拉玛依市分别报告手足口病病例243例、319例、226例、437例和188例,发病率分别为81.34/10万、106.71/10万、58.06/10万、111.33/10万和48.09/10万;发病高峰在每年的5—8月,6月达全年最高峰,2013年呈现3个发病高峰;各年龄组发病数男性均高于女性,3岁左右幼托儿童和散居儿童是手足口病最主要的发病群体;不同年份EV71(χ2=36.97)、CA16(χ2=51.85)病原阳性率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01),2011年和2013年,手足口病病原以EV71为主,2010年和2012年以CA16为主。结论 2010年和2012年较其他年份手足口病报告病例数、发病率均有所上升,2010—2013年流行优势毒株发生转变;3岁左右幼托儿童和散居儿童是手足口病防控重点人群,应加强防病宣传。

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） in Karamay from 2009 to 2013, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of HFMD. Methods A descriptive epidemiologic method was taken to analyze the data of HFMD cases in Karamay from 2009 to 2013. Results From 2009 to 2013, there were 243, 319, 226, 437 and 188 cases reported in Karamay, respectively, with incidence rate of 81.34/100 000 in 2009, 106.71/t00 000 in 2010, 58.06/100 000 in 2011, 111.33/100 000 in 2012 and 48.09/100 000 in 2013. Outbreak period of the disease was from May to August with the peak in June, and there were three peaks in 2013. Results showed that infection was more in the female than in the male for all age groups, and preschool and scattered children at age of 3 years old were the dominant crowds. There were statistical differences in positive rate of enterovirus 71 （EV71, χ^2=36.97） and Coxsackie virus A16 （CA16, χ^2=51.85） from 2009 to 2013 （P〈0.01）. The main pathogen was EV71 in 2011 and 2013, and CA16 in 2010 and 2012. Conclusions The cases of HFMD and morbidity are more in 2010 and 2012 than in other years. The dominant virus strain is different from 2010 to 2013. Thus, intensified prevention and control of HFMD epidemic should be executed on the preschool and scattered children at age of 3 years old.