庆阳市狂犬病暴露人群的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of people exposure to rabies in Qingyang City, Gansu

目的了解狂犬病暴露人群的暴露部位、伤害程度、受伤时间等分布规律及暴露后的处置情况,为制定狂犬病防制对策提供依据。方法调查甘肃省庆阳市2013年有狂犬病发病的两个县的狂犬病暴露人群基本情况,采用描述流行病学方法进行统计学分析。结果 1 226例暴露者中9岁及以下(25.86%)和40岁^(22.92%)年龄组人群暴露率最高;暴露部位多为四肢、占84.41%,头面部最少、占2.70%;时间分布以5~10月为主、占71.04%,7月、8月达到高峰。结论狂犬病的暴露率高,群众的预防知识缺乏、防控意识淡薄,暴露后未及时进行规范的伤口处置、未及时接种狂犬病疫苗和被动免疫制剂是导致狂犬病发病的主要原因。

Objective To understand distribution rules of exposure positions, degree and time of injury, wound treatments of people exposure to rabies so as to provide scientific basis for formulating control strategy of rabies. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was taken to statistically analyze basic information of people exposure to rabies in the two towns with ra- bies onset of Qingyang City in 2013. Results Out of the 1 226 cases exposure to rabies, the highest exposure rate were among persons under the age of 9 year-old （25.86%） and in the age group of 40 to 49 year-old （22.92%）. The exposure position was limbs （84.41%） mostly and least on head-face （2.70%）. The exposure was mainly from May to October, accounting for 71.05%, and at peak in July and August. Conclusions The incidence of rabies is high, and people are lack of correct preventive knowledge and consciousness of rabies. The main causes of rabies are abnormality wounds treatment, without timely rabies vaccination and passive immunity preparation.