社会·语言·图像——论文学理论范式的转变

Society, Language and Pictures: the Paradigm Change of Literary Theories

由于早期的文学与社会关系紧密,文学理论的早期研究范式大多是从文学与社会的关系入手,这种文学观念把文学看作是对象现实的模仿、再现或反映。到了现代文学理论中,文学理论研究出现了语言学转向,形成了新的理论范式,以俄国形式主义、新批评和结构主义为代表。到了所谓的后现代的文学理论中,由于图像文化的勃兴,又出现了文学理论的新的转向,即图像转向。到目前为止,我们的文学理论研究就出现了两次转向,大致存在着文学社会学、文学语言学和文学图像学这三种理论形态。

Because of the close relationship between literature and society in the early time, the study of the literary theory paradigm mostly began from the relationship between literature and society. This literary idea takes literature as the imitation, reproduction or reflection of reality. In modem times, literary theory witnessed a linguistic turn, forming a new theory paradigm, such as Russian formalism and New Critics in Britain and America. In post-modern literary theory, with the development of picture civilization, literary theory began its new turn - the picture turn. Up to now, literary theory has experienced two turns, existing in three theoretical forms： literary sociology, literary linguistics and literary iconology.