再论东晋末年的京口北府集团——兼及其与刘裕代晋的关系

On the Military Meritocracy of Jing Kou( 京口)Group in Late Eastern Jin Dynasty

京口北府集团属于一个有着鲜明特征的"军功受益阶层"——在这个阶层内以军功的有无和高低来确定一个人政治社会地位的有无和高低,这使得晋宋鼎革之际京口北府集团势力发展呈现出明显的阶段特色,而且,这个发展轨迹与刘裕代晋具有紧密的一一对应趋势。在第一阶段,北府"军功受益阶层"凭借强势军功突破既有的门第制度,击败高门士族,取得对国家方镇的有效控制,军功受益阶层形成;在第二阶段,北府集团内部出现权力分化,借着北伐南燕和平定卢循之乱的军功,刘裕阵营中资历浅、年纪轻的一辈将领开始跻身国家方镇之列,刘裕阵营军事政治优势突显;在第三阶段,随着刘裕"造宋"事业的进行,刘氏宗亲、戚属开始取代军功将领出任方镇,军功将领退居二线。也就在这种权力的交替中,刘裕代晋水到渠成。

This paper focuses on the relationships between the development of Jing Kou （京口） Group and the creation of Song Dynasty （Southern Dynasties） in late Eastern Jin Dynasty based on the term ＂the mili- tary meritocracy＂ of Jing Kou Group. There are three phases that can be demonstrated in the development of Jing Kou Group, which have correspondence with the creation of Song Dynasty. In the first phase the whole Jing Kou Group had defeated the aristocracy and got the military and political advantages in the central gov- ernment and the regional prefectures as well. In the second phase there were two factions in the Jing Kou Group separately led by Liu Yi （刘毅） and Liu Yu （刘裕）. From 412 to 413AD, the meritorious generals under Liu Yu＇s command had controlled the main regional prefectures of the country in the military affairs. In the third phase in order to manage the present political and military situations, Liu Yu＇ s clan relatives took the place of the meritorious generals who controlled the local situations. In the process of this transfer of power, Liu’u eventually established Song Dynasty.