耳鸣患者发生焦虑和抑郁的危险因素分析

Risk factors of anxiety and depression in patients with tinnitus

目的调查耳鸣患者睡眠特征,分析其发生焦虑和抑郁的危险因素。方法采集260例耳鸣患者病史,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、焦虑自评量表及抑郁自评量表问卷调查,并分为4组进行统计分析。结果患者中睡眠障碍占48.5%,焦虑患者占14.6%,抑郁患者占16.2%,其中51.6%的患者有日间功能障碍,仅5.0%患者使用安眠药物治疗;影响焦虑障碍发病因素:性别、病程、响度、睡眠;影响抑郁障碍发病因素:病程、响度、睡眠。焦虑合并抑郁组的睡眠障碍评分[(12.12±4.39)分]要高于仅焦虑组评分[(8.92±3.34)分]、仅抑郁组评分[(8.69±4.01)分]和无焦虑抑郁组评分[(6.14±3.95)分],4组间比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论睡眠障碍,焦虑和抑郁在耳鸣患者有较高发生率,女性、急性病程、高响度、睡眠障碍是焦虑发病的危险因素;慢性病程、高响度、睡眠障碍是抑郁发病的危险因素。

Objective To investigation the risk factors of anxiety and depression in patients with tinnitus. Methods A total of 260 patients complaining of tinnitus were recruited .The tinnitus general questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI） and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS） and Self-Rating Depression Scale（SDS） were surveyed in patients. Results The in- cidence of sleep disorder, anxiety and depression in patients with tinnitus was 48.5%, 14.6% and 16.2%, respectively. There were 51.6% patients with daytime dysfunction, in which only 5.0% patients took sleeping pills. PSQIs in anxiety with depression patients were higher than those in patients with anxiety or depression alone, and in patients without anxiety and depression （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence of anxiety and depression especially sleep disorder is high in tinnitus patients. The risk factors of anxiety in tinnitus patients include female sex, acute courses of disease, high loudness tinnitus and sleep disorders. The risk fac- tors of depression in tinnitus patients are chronic courses of disease, high loudness tinnitus and sleep disturbance.