晚清幕府:一种幕府形态

Mu Fu in Late Qing Dynasty

晚清幕府是在近代中国面临千古未有之变局、清朝中央政府应对失灵的情况下,从地方大员幕府中应运而生的一种制度创新,并显示出其灵活机动、富有弹性的一面,汇聚人才,条综众务,充当了应急机制,担负起本该由国家正规体制承担的社会管理、安全保障和对外交往职能。由此发端,晚清幕府事务越来越多,权限越来越大,俨然地方权力中枢,既插手军政事务,又总揽洋务新政,不仅使清代地方官僚政治的骨架随之发生变化,而且其所经办的于古无征事业也给当时的中国带来了新气象、新局面,对晚清的政治、经济、文化和社会各方面都产生了深远而广泛的影响。然而,已有研究对晚清幕府的概念与内涵未能达成基本共识,往往自言自语,各说各话,相互矛盾不说,还造成名实相怨、反复研究等问题,不利于晚清幕府研究领域的拓展和提升。名不正则言不顺,很有必要在厘清晚清幕府名实的基础上,展开进一步的深入研究。

Mu Fu( Governor Office) of Qing dynasty came into being when China was in an unprecedented turbulent situation while the Qing government failed to deal with it. As an emergency response mechanism at that time,Mu Fu shouldered the functions of social management,security and diplomacy and exerted far-reaching influence to politics,economy and other aspects of the society. However,some existing researches have not reached basic consensus on the concept and connotation,which are not good for the expansion and promotion of researches in such fields. Further study is needed based on clarification of the name and reality of Mu Fu in late Qing dynasty.