关于世界恐怖主义早期历史演进的探析

Early Historical Evolution of World Terrorism

不同历史时段恐怖主义内涵不尽相同。出于政治目的使用恐怖暴力古已有之,恐怖组织和恐怖理论也出现于古代东西方社会。严格意义上的恐怖主义始于近代。雅各宾派专政实现恐怖主义意识形态化,19世纪无政府主义思潮驱动俄罗斯等欧美国家激进分子反抗统治集团的恐怖袭击浪潮。萨拉热窝事件起,世界恐怖主义由传统向现代转型,其攻击动因、袭击方式、客观效果趋于多元化,残害无辜、危害社会的非法化性质逐渐明显。1968年以来现代世界恐怖主义浪潮掀起,恐怖主义国际化凸显,各种意识形态型和民族宗教极端型恐怖主义组织纷涌作恶,社会影响和危害性远超以往。由此,恐怖主义作为一种暴力活动经历非法化的演变历程,恐怖主义作为一种意识形态呈现极端化的历史轨迹。

The connotation of Terrorism varies in different historical periods. There have been terrorist organizations and theories in both eastern and western societies since ancient times,but terrorism in the proper sense started in modern times. The terrorism internationalization becomes obvious since the year 1968 with more harm to the society. Terrorism then becomes increasingly illegal and shows the historical trace of externalization as an ideology.