平等主义的图谱

The Genealogy of Egalitarianism

在当代关于平等主义的争论中,分歧的焦点集中于两个问题。一个问题是"分配什么",即平等主义者试图平等化的东西是什么,对此有三种基本的观点,它们是"福利平等"、"资源平等"和"能力平等"。另外一个问题是"如何分配",即平等主义者如何来实现平等主义的目标,对此有两种不同的立场,它们是"结果平等"和"机会平等"。不同的平等主义者对这些问题有不同的回答,而这些不同的回答构成了当代平等主义理论的不同路线。但是,无论是在"分配什么"还是在"如何分配"的问题上,每一种平等主义理论都存在一些难以克服的困难。

The disagreements of contemporary egalitarianism have tw o focuses.One is the question of 'w hat to distribute',that w hat is egalitarians w ant to equalize.For this question,there are three basic conceptions,and they are'equality of welfare','equality of resources'and'equality of capability'.Another is the question of'how to distribute',that how egalitarians is going to realize the goals of egalitarianism.For this question,there are tw o positions,and they are 'equality of consequences'and 'equality of chances'.Egalitarians have some different answ ers to these questions,and these different answ ers shape different roads of contemporary egalitarianism.But,on both questions of 'w hat to distribute'and 'how to distribute',every of all egalitarian theories has some hard difficult.