晚清中朝商路历史性变迁原因及其影响(1882—1894)

The Changes of the Sino-Korea Trade Route in the Late Qing Dynasty(1882-1894)

1882—1894年间,中朝之间的商路出现历史性变迁,陆路商路明显衰落,稳定的海上商路形成并拓展成为主要贸易通道。中朝商路变迁与封贡体制变化有着密切的联动关系,封贡体制是影响清代中朝商路变迁的根本性因素,而商路的发展变化也最终成为封贡体制消亡的助推力量。中朝间稳定的海上商路的形成与拓展促进了中朝乃至东亚贸易的繁荣,也改变了东亚国际贸易格局的发展趋势,即中、日两国的对朝贸易竞争日趋激烈,日本在对朝贸易中最终取代传统的中朝贸易而占据垄断地位,与此同时,俄罗斯也在努力参与东北亚海域贸易的竞争。

There w ere historic Changes of the Sino-Korea trade route in the late Qing Dynasty during 1882-1895.With the land route of the Sino-Korea having significant declined,the stable sea trade route formed to expand and became a major trade route formation betw een China and Korea.Changes of the Sino-Korea trade route and Tributary System changes are closely linked relationship.Tributary System is a fundamental factor in the impact in changes of the Sino-Korea trade routes,and the development and such changes in trade routes eventually become the demise boost pow er to Tributary System.At the same time,the stable formation and expansion of maritime trade routes contributed to the prosperity of China and Korea and East Asia trade,w hich has also changed the development trend of international trade patterns in East Asia.That is,w ith the trade increasingly competitive in Korea betw een China and Japan,the trade betw een Korea and Japan eventually replaced the traditional China-Korea trade dominates,at the same time,Russia w as trying to compete in the Northeast Sea region trade.