清与朝鲜间“漂民”救助问题管窥——以《同文汇考》中“漂民”文书为中心

A View on Floating People Salvage between Qing Dynasty and Chosun Dynasty:Based on Floating People Office-Copy in Tong Wen Hui Kao

清代由于海难而漂流到中国与朝鲜沿海地带的漂民救助问题,主要包括两国对漂民的身份核查、安置、资助、管送等方面的内容。从具体救助程序上看,清代中朝两国间较为完备的救助机制业已形成。在处理漂民事宜的外事程序以及对疑似越境漂民问题的处理上,也形成了国内外相结合的调查、通报体制并且带有典型的朝贡关系特征。而不同时期清朝规定的漂民管送方式的变化以及对朝鲜救助清漂民所做出的回应,反映出康熙中后期之后两国关系逐渐走向顺和的趋势,由此也使得双方间的漂民救助机制得以良性运转。

The salvage issue of floating people,because of marine perils in the coastline betw een Qing Dynasty and Chosun Dynasty,included mainly verification of identity of floating people,resettlement,funding and repatriation betw een the tw o countries.Relatively perfect salvage mechanism betw een the tw o countries w as been formed in the aspect of the detailed salvage procedure; investigation and notification system w ith the combination at home and abroad,w ith the characteristics of tribute paying relationship,w as been formed as w ell,in foreign affairs procedure in dealing w ith floating people,as w ell as in dealing w ith suspected floating people crossing the boundary illegally.The w ay in w hich floating people w ere repatriated in different periods of Qing Dynasty,and the responses in Chosun Dynasty saving floating people of Qing Dynasty both reflected the increasing soothing tendency in the relationship betw een the tw o countries in the middle and later periods of Kangxi.Thus,floating salvage mechanism betw een the tw o countries w orked smoothly.