通治方与通用方的名实考辨

Research and Identification of Tong Zhi Fang( 通治方) and Tong Yong Fang( 通用方)

从语词的文字释义、历代医家论述、方书中此类方剂的适用内容等维度,考察分析通治方与通用方的内涵及其异同。发现通治方与通用方二词的语义相同,前人对其含义注释或界定仅在适应对象上有证与病的侧重,但从界定者本人著述和历代方书所载,二者的适应对象并无区别,均涉及病或症或证,即通治方或通用方原是泛指一类可用于多种病或证或症的方剂,与现代人提出的所谓的专病通治方在含义上并不相同。通治方或通用方与有着较为特定的治疗对象(病证)及独特或专门效用的"专方"相对,二者在临床适用的范围(广与窄)、与病证的针对性(高与低)及使用中的变通思路(变与守)上各有偏颇。

To investigate and analyze connotation, similarities and differences of TongZhi Fang （通治方） and TongYong Fang （通用方） from paraphrase, discussion of doctors of all dynasties, applicative content of this type of prescription in medical formularies and so on. The researchers found that meaning of the two terms, TongZhi Fang and TongYong Fang, are the same. Forefathers defined the two terms to distinct their applications to symptom and disease. Based on writes of definer and medical formularies, there is no difference on applicative objects of the two terms. But both of them referred to symptom or disease, also TongZhi Fang or TongYong Fang made a general meaning of a type of Fang applied to various symptom or disease, which is different from the meaning of ZhuanBing TongZhi Fang （专病通治方） invented by modern scholars. ＂Zhuan Fang＂ （专方） has special effects and aims at specific treatment goals. For TongZhi Fang and TongYong Fang, they have differences from ＂Zhuan Fang＂ in clinic applicative scope （wide and narrow）, pertinence to symptom （high and low） and flexible thinking （changed and invariable） in use.