美国对华鸦片从走私到公开贸易的演变

The Evolution of America Opium Smuggling in China

美国对华鸦片输出经历了鸦片战争前、五口通商时期及《天津条约》后鸦片贸易合法化三个阶段。从美国进行土耳其鸦片的行销开始,美国就开启了对华非正常贸易的道路。相比英国,美国鸦片走私时间晚、质量次,但鸦片走私的速度与影响力一点不弱于英国。中美《望厦条约》中,美国以支持鸦片走私的态度换得了中国政府的信任,此后,美国国旗成了掩盖鸦片走私的最好保护伞。18世纪中后期,随着美国西部开发及工业资本在国内的发展需要,美国商人逐渐将在华资本回调到国内参与经济建设,活跃的美国商界先驱与鸦片走私逐渐淡出中国市场。

The United States opium output experienced three stages, before the Opium War, the period of the five ports and the legalization of the opium trade after ＂Treaty of Tianjin＂The United States launched the abnormal trade to China starting with selling Turkey opium.Although the United States smuggled opium later than Britain and the quality is lower than it , compared with Britain, the speed and the influence of opium smuggling is not a little weaker than it. In the Wangxia Treaty, American government opposed opium smuggling in exchange for confidence from Chinese government. From then on, the American flag became the best umbrella covering opium smuggling. In the late eighteenth Century, with the western development and industrial capital in need of domestic economy, American businessmen gradually withdrew the capital from China to homeland in order to participate in economic construction.The American active business pioneers and opium smuggling gradually faded out from the Chinese market.