功利主义何以避免直觉主义的非难——论R·M·黑尔对直觉反例的回应

On R. M. Hare Response to the Disapproval from Intuitionism

通过对直觉道德思维和批判道德思维的区分,黑尔将规则功利主义与行为功利主义统一起来。而对功利主义理论的非难,其中一点就是指责功利主义方法与日常道德直觉之间存在冲突。黑尔在道德思维层次理论的基础上,对直觉反例的回应似乎并不成功,但在一定程度上为我们解决功利主义方法与道德直觉原则之间的冲突提供了可供参考的思路,这一点是值得肯定的。

R. M. Hare unified rule utilitarianism and act utilitarianism through distinguishing intuitive moral thinking and critical thinking. One of the criticism is that utilitarianism is at odds with our ordinary moral intuitions. Hare＇ s response to the intuitive counter-examples on the basis of moral thinking although seemed to be unsuccessful, but it did help to resolve the conflict between utilitarian method and principle of moral intuitions.