面具下的叙述:美国黑人女性小说作者型叙述声音的权威

Narrating with the Mask: Authority of the Authorial Narrative Voice in African American Women's Novels

20世纪70年代以前,由于社会历史语境的限制,黑人女作家只能选择适合自己的有限叙述策略来讲述女性的故事。为了建构自己声音的权威,黑人女性小说家在该时期主要采取了作者型叙述交流模式。这种模式一方面模糊了叙述者的种族与性别身份,另一方面第三人称作者型叙述声音模仿历史叙述,显得相对客观,有利于建构黑人女性声音的可信度,从而有利于建构女性声音的权威。左拉·尼尔·赫斯顿、波勒·马歇尔和托妮·莫里森都是带着这种性别模糊的"他"面具,偷偷参与以男性为主宰的社会话语权威建构。

Before the 1970s, given the specific socio-historical context, black women have to choose special narrative strategies to tell their stories. During this period, almost all the black women novelists take the authorial narrative communication in their novels. Masked by a race-gender-neutral narrative mode, black women novelists learn from the historians to tell their stories with a third-person omniscient narrator, which seems to make their narrative more objective and reliable. In this way, the authorial nar- rative communication has allowed black women such as Zora Neale Hurston, Paule Marshall and Toni Morrison access to male authority with a ＂He＂ mask.