美国联邦公务员工资的可比机制研究与启示

Research on Comparability of Federal Government's Pay System and Its Enlightenment

近年来,如何在公务员职位与社会职位之间,以及在不同地区的公务员之间建立科学合理的工资可比机制,已经成为制约我国公务员工资制度公平性的瓶颈。在美国联邦公务员的工资管理实践中,长期贯彻的基本原则就是对工资体系内外部可比性的兼顾。对此原则的坚持,也确保了联邦政府在人才吸纳和维系方面的竞争力。通过对工资法案、官方政策文件,以及相关研究的回顾,本文提炼出了美国联邦公务员工资可比机制的设计思路、管理模式和操作技术,其中,工资区的划分、职位匹配和工资调查的技术、生活成本指数的测算对中国公务员工资体系的改革具有重要的借鉴价值。

How to establish the pay comparability both between civil servants and non - government employees, and among civil servants in different demographic areas, has gradually aroused attention during civil servants＇pay system reform in China. Since 1990s, U.S. Federal government has endeavored to increase the comparability of Federal pay system by focusing both on internal and external equity. In practice, the comparability of Federal pay system has successfully helped the government to maintain competitiveness in recruitment and retention. Based on literature review, the paper concludes the principles, the administration and the methodologies regarding the comparability of Federal pay system. Some applications of how to define locality pay areas, conduct locality pay survey and calculate the cost of living index are quite valuable for the civil servant pay system reform in China.