胡塞尔、弗洛伊德论“无意识”

Husserl and Freud on the “Unconscious”

在胡塞尔的思考中,无意识在现象学还原和绝然的还原中分别展示为了非实显的、触发力趋向于零的无意识以及作为开端意识的无意识,前者与弗洛伊德的前意识相关,而后者则指明了一种深层的无意识。在意识系统的整体性和内在划分问题上,现象学通过对还原与时间性的批判性考察,实现了对弗洛伊德意识概念的哲学奠基。但在深层无意识和前意识之间的事态关联上,胡塞尔的观念化理路使他决定性地倾向于各个意识形态之间合时间性的综合生成,而对那些在精神分析学中被揭示的变异、压抑等现象的本源地位却有所忽视。

In Husserl＇s deliberation, the unconscious is demonstrated in the phenomenological reduction and radical reduction as different things ： the unconscious that is non-realistic with a trigger force approaching zero, and the unconscious that serves as the initial unconscious. The former is related to the Freudian preconscious, while the latter indicates a deeper unconscious. In terms of the totality and internal division of the conscious system, phenomenology realizes the philosophical foundation for the Freudian conscious concepts by means of reduction and critique of temporality. However, as to the inter- connection between the deep unconscious and preconscious, Husserl＇s conceptualizing path determines his inclination towards the comprehensive generation of integral temporality between various forms of consciousness, yet he showed neglects for the essential status of alienation, depression and other phenomena disclosed in psychoanalysis.