反思成员资格政治——兼论公民身份观念的当代适用性

Reflecting upon Membership-based Politics——Also On the Contemporary Applicability of the Notion of Citizenship

成员资格政治是一种排他性的政治。作为成员资格政治的一种特殊类型,公民身份政治通过普遍权利体系的建立而实现了对全体社会成员的普遍包容。但由于这一权利体系自身的矛盾,权利上的平等并没有消除现实中的不平等,反而成为了现实不平等的合法化工具。近年来,随着移民问题的普遍出现,公民身份政治的排他性进一步凸显。在全球化的时代,我们需要一种合作政治,这种政治将在根本上超越成员资格的观念。

Membership-based politics is an exclusive form of politics. As a special type of membership-based politics, citizenship-based politics can realize the universal inclusiveness for all members of a society by establishing a general system of rights, yet due to its own contradictions, the equality in rights cannot eliminate inequality in reality, but turns into the le- gitimizing instrument for actual inequality. In recent years, with the widespread problem of migrant population, the exclu- sive nature of citizenship-based politics is more obvious. In the era of globalization, we need a cooperation-based politics, which will transcend the notion of membership in essence.