贵阳城乡初中生膳食与营养状况调查

Dietary and nutritional status of middle school students in Guiyang

目的了解贵阳城市、郊区、乡村初中生日常膳食与营养状况,为指导学生科学饮食和改善营养状况提供科学依据。方法对贵阳城市、郊区、乡村共1 621名中学生进行调查,采用连续3 d 24 h回顾法反映膳食状况,结合身高、体重应用体质量指数（BMI）评价营养状况。结果贵阳城乡初中生能量、蛋白质等摄入均略微不足;各地区初中学生钙、维生素C、维生素A摄入明显不足,仅分别占推荐摄入量（RNI）的21.69%-40.58%,38.40%-68.11%,34.71%-45.28%;不同地区初中生脂肪供能比较低,仅为10.28%-17.64%;碳水化合物供能比较高,为68.9%-80.26%。城市初中生整体营养状况相对较好,正常体重比例占69.0%;乡村地区初中生营养状况较差,正常体重仅占51.8%。结论贵阳初中生膳食结构及营养状况有待改善,尤其是乡村地区,应加强对学生膳食营养的指导和教育。

Objective To explore dietary and nutritional status of students in urban and rural areas of Guiyang,and to provide guidance for students＇ dietary intervention and improvement. Methods The 24-hour dietary recall was administered to collect Information specific to food and beverage consumed on three recall days among 1 621 middle school students in Guiyang.Height,weight and Rohrer index were used to evaluate the nutritional status. Results The energy,protein micronutrient deficiencies were quite common. Calcium,vitamin C and vitamin A only accounted for 21. 69%- 40. 58%,38. 40%- 68. 11% and34. 71%- 45. 28% of the RNI,respectively. The proportion of energy contributed by dietary fats was low（ 10. 28%- 17. 64%）,while carbohydrate accounted for 68. 9%- 80. 26%. Nutritional status of students in urban areas was relatively better with moderate physique accounted for 69. 0%,however in rural areas it was 51. 8%. Conclusion Dietary and nutritional status among students of Guiyang should be improved,especially in rural areas,through appropriate nutrition education and intervention.