河南省初中生烟草流行现状

Tobacco use among adolescents in Henan Province

目的了解河南省初中生吸烟现状,为相关部门制定青少年控烟措施提供参考。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在河南省城乡16个监测点抽取共48所初中学校7 789名学生。结果河南省青少年尝试吸烟率为23.8%,随年龄增长而升高(χ2=69.296,P<0.01),男生(37.8%)高于女生(8.7%)(χ2=99.078,P<0.01),农村(24.8%)高于城市(18.6%)(χ2=5.863,P=0.016);现在吸烟率为7.5%,随年龄升高而升高(χ2=29.403,P<0.01),男生(13.3%)高于女生(11.2%)(χ2=89.912,P<0.01),农村(8.0%)高于城市(14.7%)(χ2=5.137,P=0.023)。初中生家中、室内公共场所和室外公共场所二手烟暴露率分别43.0%,56.9%和57.0%,均为男生高于女生(χ2值分别为17.296,70.136,47.682,P值均<0.01)。88.5%的现在吸烟者未因年龄小买烟被拒绝,男生(90.0%)高于女生(57.5%)(χ2=5.980,P=0.015)。过去30 d里39.9%的学生在烟草销售点看到过烟草广告,且仅有29.6%的学生认为一旦吸烟就很难戒断。结论河南省青少年尝试吸烟率和现在吸烟率较高,二手烟暴露严重,烟草获得途经容易,烟草广告暴露率高,应尽早开展积极有效的控烟干预措施。

Objective To explore tobacco use among adolescents in Henan province so as to provide basic evidence for adolescent tobacco control policy-making. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using a stratified multistage cluster sampling design. A total of 7 789 students from 48 junior middle schools in 16 survey sites were selected. Results The rate of ever smoking was 23. 8%,which increased with age（ χ^2= 69. 296,P〈0. 01）. Boys had a higher rate than girls（ χ^2= 99. 078,P〈0. 01）,and the rate of rural area was higher than that of urban area（ χ^2= 5. 863,P = 0. 016）. The rate of currently smoking were7. 5%,which increased with age（ χ^2= 29. 403,P〈0. 01）. Boys had a higher rate than girls（ χ^2= 89. 912,P〈0. 01）,and the rate of rural area was higher than that of urban area（ χ^2= 5. 137,P = 0. 023）. The corresponding rate of secondhand smoke exposure at home,indoor public places,outdoor public places during the week before the survey was 43. 0%,56. 9%,57. 0%,respectively,with boys higher than girls. About 88. 5% currently smoker under age 18 years had directly purchased cigarettes from stores.Nearly 39. 9% students had seen advertisements on the store where cigarettes were sold during the past month. About one third of students knew that cessation was difficult after smoking. Conclusion The prevalence of ever smoking and currently smoking are high among adolescents in Henan. Secondhand smoke exposure was also a serious health hazard. Considering exposure to retail tobacco advertising and easily tobacco purchase,more effective measures should be implemented among school-age students in Henan.