哈尔滨市大气中PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)质量浓度及金属离子分析

Analysis on mass and ions concentration of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in Harbin

对哈尔滨市大气环境中的PM10、PM2.5进行了采集,并对质量浓度及离子成分进行了分析。实验结果表明,两种颗粒物均呈现了先减小后增大的特征,最高值出现在1月,质量浓度分别是178.85、130.10μg/m^3,PM10在1、2、3、4、11、12月均超标,而PM2.5质量浓度则高出欧盟标准（15μg/m^3）的2-8倍,另外,离子总质量浓度在8月达到了最低值,分别是42.73μg/m^3和25.3μg/m^3.PM10和PM2。5中离子成分占颗粒物总质量的比例均表现为中间高两边低的特点,最高含量出现在7月份,分别为67.7%和68.4%。根据相关系数的判别原则,PM10中表现为高度负相关的离子是Ca^2＋和F^-、Ca^2＋和SO4^2＋、Ca^2＋和NO3^-;表现为高度正相关的离子是K^＋和Mg^2＋、K^＋和Cl^-、M^2＋和Cl^-、F^-和SO4^2＋、F^-和NO3^-、SO4^2＋和NO3^-,说明上述离子间有相似的污染来源。PM2.5中表现为高度正相关的离子是K^＋和Cl^-、K^＋和SO4^2＋、K^＋和NO3^-、Mg^2＋和SO4^2＋、F^-和NO3^-、SO4^2＋和NO3^-,与PM10中离子相关性规律不同。

PM10,PM2. 5from the atmospheric environment were sampled in Harbin. The mass and ions concentration were analyzed. The experimental results showed that both particles had a decrease first and increases followed with the highest value of 178. 85 μg / m^3 and 130.10 μg / m^3 in January. PM10 exceeded the national standard in January,February,March,April,November,and December,while PM2. 5was higher than the European standard（ 15μg / m^3） of 2 to 8 times. In addition,the concentrations of total ions had the lowest value of42. 73 μg / m^3 and 25. 3 μg / m^3 in August,respectively. The proportion of the ionic components in PM10 and PM2. 5were the highest in July with 67. 7% and 68. 4%,respectively. According to the discrimination principle of the correlation coefficient,Ca^2＋ and F^-,Ca^2＋ and SO4^2＋,Ca^2＋ and NO3^-in PM10 had a higher negative correlation. K^＋and Mg^2＋,K^＋and Cl^-,Mg^2＋and Cl^-,F^-and SO4^2＋,F^-and NO3^-,SO4^2＋and NO3^-showed highly positive correlation. K^＋and Cl^-,K^＋and SO4^2＋,K^＋and NO3^-,Mg^2＋and SO4^2＋,F^-and NO3^-,SO4^2＋and NO3^-showed highly positive correlation in PM2. 5and had a different ion correlation rule to PM10