2014年曲周县小麦草害情况及成因分析

Wheat Weeds Harm Situation and Cause Analysis of Quzhou County in 2014

为了了解曲周县麦田春季杂草的发生情况,进一步制定科学的草害防治措施,2014年采用田间调查的方法,调查了曲周县10个乡(镇)麦田春季杂草的发生种类和密度;采用农户调查的方法,分析了部分麦田杂草严重发生的成因;还结合田间长期定位试验,研究了3种管理措施(秸秆还田,施用有机肥和化肥,春草秋治)对麦田杂草发生密度的影响。结果表明:曲周县麦田杂草种类主要有播娘蒿、荠菜、麦瓶草、节节麦和麦家公5种;基于不同杂草在各乡(镇)的发生密度,认为播娘蒿、荠菜、麦瓶草、节节麦、麦家公的防治区域重点分别在曲周镇和槐桥乡,槐桥乡和依庄乡,南里岳乡,南里岳乡和曲周镇,槐桥乡;不合理增加秸秆还田量和增施有机肥均会增加播娘蒿的发生密度,而采用春草秋治技术会显著降低播娘蒿、荠菜和节节麦的发生密度。在曲周县及其所在的华北平原,应加强春草秋治技术的应用,并合理调节有机肥和还田秸秆的使用量。

In order to understand the weeds happening situation in the wheat fields of Quzhou Couny in spring, and develop scientific measures for prevention and control of weeds, we adopted the method of field investigation in 2014, investigated the weed species and density in the wheat fields in spring on 10 township （ town） of Quzhou County, using the method of peasant household survey, analyzed the causes of weeds serious occurrence in the part of the wheat field, and combined with a long-term field trial, studyed the different influence on weed density in the wheat fields from three different management measures （ returning straw, applying organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, weed control before winter） .The results showed that there were mainly five kinds of weeds, namely, Descurainia sophia （ L.） Schur, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Silene conoidea L., Aegilops tauschii Coss and Lithospermum arvense L.in Quzhou County.Basing on the density of different weeds in each countryside （ town） , we considered that the area preventing and curing stress of Descurainia sophia （ L.） Schur, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Silene conoidea L., Aegilops tauschii Coss and Lithospermum arvense L.respectively were in Quzhou town and Huaiqiao township, Huaiqiao township and Yizhuang township, Nanliyue township, Nanliyue township and Quzhou town, Huaiqiao town-ship.Unreasonable increasing the amount of straw returned and organic fertilizer application both raised the density of Descurainia sophia （ L.） Schur, while the weed control before winter would significantly reduce the density of Descurainia sophia （ L.） Schur, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Aegilops tauschii Coss.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the application of the weed control before winter and reasonably regulate dosage of organic fertilizer and straw in Quzhou County and even in the north China plain.