2014年济阳县冬小麦干热风条件下提早成熟但仍然高产的气象条件分析

Analysis on Meteorological Conditions of Winter Wheat with Early Maturity and High Yield under the Dry Hot Wind Conditions of Jiyang County in 2014

2014年济阳县冬小麦灌浆-成熟期出现了干热风、降水不足的不利气象条件,导致该县冬小麦提早成熟,但仍然取得了高产。针对这一现象,利用济阳县2013-2014年冬小麦生育期的气象实测资料,与历年、2012-2013年相应气象指标进行对比,探讨了该小麦生育年度气候条件不利的情况下小麦提前成熟但产量仍然较高的原因。结果表明：2013年小麦越冬前积温足,墒情较好,光照适宜,苗情好于往年;返青-抽穗期气温偏高、光照充足、灌溉及时,使得冬小麦返青后生长快速,群体发育明显;灌浆期间,适宜的气象条件使得小麦灌浆速度达到最大且灌浆饱满;5月下旬高温天气多,促进了冬小麦早熟。

The adverse weather conditions of dry hot wind and inadequate rainfall was occurred from the grain filling stage to maturity of winter wheat in Jiyang County in 2014, it caused the winter wheat with early maturity and high yield.In view of this phenomenon, using the meteorological observation data in the growth period of winter wheat in Jiyang County from 2013 to 2014, and compared with the corresponding meteorological index of calendar year and from 2012 to 2013, the reasons of winter wheat with early maturity and high yield in adverse weather conditions were discussed.The results showed that in 2013 before the winter it had the enough accumulated temperature and moisture, suitable light, then the growth of wheat was better than usual.From the green stage and heading stage, it had higher temperature, fully sunshine and timely irrigation, the growth was rapid and population development was obvious .During the filling period, suitable weather conditions made the wheat grouting speed reached maximum and grouting full.High temperature days was increased in late May, the promotion of winter wheat premature.