机械性噪声暴露对工人血压正常高值的影响

Effect of mechanical noise exposure on high-normal blood pressure of workers

目的研究机械性噪声暴露对工人血压正常高值的影响,及早采取有效措施,降低高血压发病率,同时为制定工业噪声的卫生标准提供间接参考依据。方法对深圳市某外企4 349位工人进行职业健康检查。健康检查前,发放调查问卷,排除不符合调查要求人数464人。检查中,采用具有美国医疗仪器促进协会(AAMI)认证的电子血压计由护士测量诊室血压并记录。按暴露与否分噪声暴露组和对照组,人数分别为1 273和2 612人。收缩压和舒张压分别按正常血压、血压正常高值和高血压分类。结果噪声组职业人群收缩压水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.025,P<0.01);噪声组血压正常高值显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.942;P<0.01);噪声组职业人群舒张压水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.456,P<0.05),噪声组血压正常高值显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.730,P<0.05)。结论噪声与血压正常高值有关,噪声是引起职业人群血压正常高值的比例升高的一个重要因素,应降低噪声对人体的危害,有效控制或降低血压正常高值,减少高血压发病的风险。

[ Objective] To study the effect of mechanical noise exposure on high-normal blood pressure of workers, to adopt effective measures , to reduce the incidence of hypertension, and provide reference for developing hygienic standards for industrial noise. [Methods] Occupational health examination was performed on 4 349 workers in Shenzhen City. Before examination, 464 were excluded by questionnaire survey. The nurses measured the blood pressure via AAMI certified electronic sphygmomanometer and recorded by in clinic. The workers were divided into noise exposure group （1 273 workers） and control group （2 612 workers）. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was classified according to normal blood pressure, high-normal blood pressure and hypertension. [Results ] The results showed that noise exposure group＇s systolic pressure was significantly higher than the control group, （x^2=18.025, P〈0.01）, as well as the high-normal blood pressure 0（x^2=12.942; P〈0.01）, the noise exposure group＇s diastolic pressure was significantly higher than the control group （x^2=18.025, P〈0.01）, as well as the high-normal blood pressure（ x^2=5.730, P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] The noise is associated with high-normal blood pressure. Rising prehypertension caused by noise is a dominant factor. It is necessary to reduce the harm to human body caused by the noise, so as to control or decrease high-normal blood pressure, and reduce the risk of hypertension.