2010—2013年江西铁路沿线分散式供水水质检测结果

Water quality testing results of decentralized water supply along the railway lines in Jiangxi from 2010-2013

目的了解江西铁路沿线分散式供水水质和卫生状况,分析影响因素,为进一步提高沿线生活饮用水质量提供依据。方法按照GB/T 5750-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法》进行样品采集和检测,样品覆盖江西铁路沿线155个分散式给水点,采样于枯水期和丰水期进行。结果 155件水样中,合格81件,总体合格率52.25%。2010—2013年水质合格率分别为48.27%、52.94%、53.57%、52.78%,各年度水质合格率差异无统计学意义。枯水期水质合格率为48.00%,丰水期水质合格率为53.07%,两者差异无统计学意义。所检项目中超标的有6项,分别为菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌、浑浊度、铁、锰,超标率分别为45.16%、25.81%、14.83%、7.74%、3.22%、1.93%。不同水源种类水质合格率差异有统计学意义,深井水的合格率比浅井水的高。不同管理单位水质合格率差异有统计学意义,供电段水质合格率最高,其次是车务段,工务段最低。结论江西铁路沿线分散式供水水质合格率不高,主要原因为菌落总数、总大肠菌群等微生物指标超标,应加强水井的消毒工作,对破损的水井防护设施及时修复,加大老线的改水工作,同时做好不直接饮用生水的宣传。

[ Objective ] To understand the water quality and sanitary status of decentralized water supply along the railway lines in Jiangxi, to analyze the influencing factors, and provide evidence for improving the drinking water quality along the railway lines in Jiangxi Province. [Methods] Sample collection and testing were based on the GB/T 5750-2006 ＂Standard Testing Method for Drinking Water＂. Samples were collected from 155 decentralized water supplies along the railway lines during dry season and wet season. [Results] Of 155 water samples, 81 were qualified, with total qualified rate of 52.25%. The qualified rate of water quality during 2010-2013 was 48.27%, 52.94%, 53.57%, 52.78%, with no significant difference between years. The qualified rate in dry season and wet season was 48.00% and 53.07%, respectively, without significant difference. Of all testing items, 6 were over standards, they were bacterial count （45.16%）, total coliforms（25.81%）, thennotolerant coliforms（14.83%）, turbidity（7.74%）, iron （3.22%）, manganese （1.93%）. The qualified rate was not significantly different between samples from different sources. Quality of water from deep well was better than shallow well. The water quality was significantly different between different management sections, the best ones belonged to power supply section, followed by train operation section, track maintenance section. [ Conclusion ] The water quality is not high in decentralized water supply along the railway lines in Jiangxi. The main reason is microbial indicators over standards, such as total bacterial count, total coliforms. It is necessary to strengthen disinfection of wells, to timely repair the damaged well protection facilities, to enhance water improvement of old lines, and do well in publicity of no direct drinking unboiled water.