夏玉米不同密植群体抗倒性及机收指标探讨

Research on the Relationship Between Maize Lodging Resistance and Grain Mechanically Harvesting Qualities in Different Planting Density

为明确不同玉米群体的抗倒伏性能以及适宜机械化收获的性能指标。通过设置不同的密度处理,研究了不同密植群体条件下的玉米产量、农艺性状、抗倒伏性能以及机收指标。结果表明,供试玉米品种在90 000株/hm2密度下产量最高,达到10 124.7 kg/hm2;随着密度增加玉米抗折力、压碎强度和穿刺强度均呈下降趋势,105 000株/hm2处理与75 000株/hm2处理相比,基部第3节间和穗下第1节间抗折力分别降低了22.6%和17.0%,抗倒伏能力下降;随着密度增加机收各项指标呈上升趋势,105 000株/hm2处理与7 500株/hm2处理相比,籽粒损失率从3.29%上升到了9.79%,上升地率达到66.4%;玉米群体抗倒力学特性与机收指标间存在极显著相关关系,茎秆穿刺强度可以作为适宜机收的判定指标之一。适宜机收的玉米品种德美亚1号在黄淮海地区适宜密度为90 000株/hm2,产量较高,倒伏发生率较低,结合机收指标综合分析,该处理模式最为理想。

To clear the lodging resistance and mechanized harvesting index of summer maize with different dense population,the density treatments were designed to study the yield,agronomic characters,lodging resistance and mechanized harvesting index of maize. The results showed that the highest yield came from the treatment of 90 000 strains/ha,which reached to 10 124. 7 kg/ha. The anti-fracture,crushing strength and puncture strength showed a downward trend with the increase of density,and the lodging capacity increased. Compared with the 75 000 strains /ha treatment,the flexural strength of the third section from base and the first section below ear in 105 000 strains/ha treatment decreased by 22. 6% and 17. 0%. The lodging resistance decreased. As the planting density goes up,the mechanical harvesting indexes raise too. The grain losing rate under 105 000 strains/ha grows from 3. 29% to 9. 79%,66. 4% higher than the grain losing rate under 75 000 strains/ha. Indexes of mechanized harvesting showed downward trend with the density increase. There was a significant negative correlation between puncture strength and grain loss rate or ear loss rate,which can use as the decision index of mechanized harvesting. The best planting density of Demeiya 1 in Huang-Huai-Hai plain is 90 000 strains/ha,because the yield is highest, the lodging resistance is lowest and the mechanical harvesting indexes are lowest too.