宁夏农村地区60岁以上人群年龄相关性黄斑变性的患病率调查

Prevalence of age related macular degeneration in elderly population in the rural area of Ningxia

目的了解宁夏农村地区60岁以上人群年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的患病率情况及相关危险因素。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法抽取宁夏农村地区的5个自然村,对所抽取的5个村庄60岁以上人群进行眼科常规检查,确定60岁以上人群AMD患病率,并详细记录受检者一般情况,行为方式及全身疾病。结果对象均为〉60岁人群,纳入研究的人口总数为1 132人,实际受检人数为679人,受检率为60%。确诊AMD患者25人（共45只眼）,占受检人数的3.68%;确诊回民AMD患者20人（80%）,汉民AMD患者5人（20%）;确诊早期5例（10只眼）,中期12例（23只眼）,晚期8例（12只眼）。回汉族AMD检出率及分期差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。在60~69、70~79、80岁以上各年龄段中,AMD检出率分别为2.55%（11/431）、4.37%（8/183）、9.23%（6/65）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;吸烟及合并心血管疾病会增加AMD患病的风险,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而性别及民族间患病率差异无统计学意义。AMD患者中,双眼盲1人,占AMD患者的4%;双眼低视力8人,占AMD患者的32%;单眼盲7例,占AMD患眼的15.56%;单眼低视力13例,占AMD患眼的28.89%。结论宁夏农村地区AMD患病率较报道的中国其他地区及白种人患病率低。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of age- related macular degeneration（AMD） and the risk factors in residents aged≥ 60 years in the rural area of Ningxia. Methods Five villages were selected from the rural area of Ningxia by simple random sampling. The residents aged ≥60 years underwent a basic eye examination. A questionnaire was administered to collect the general date,behavioral pattern and systemic diseases. Results Of the 1132 residents 60 years of age and elder,and the actual number of 679 people were finished the examination（ examination rate,60%）. 186 Han individuals（27. 39%）,493 Hui individuals（72. 61%） were included in the study. 25 patients（45 eyes） were diagnosed as AMD accounting for 3. 68% of the population exanimate. Of 25 patients diagnosed as AMD,there were 20 Hui patients（80%） and 5 Han patients（20 %）,with 5 patients（10 eyes） at early phase,12 patients（23 eyes） at middle phase,and 8 patients（12 eyes） at later phase. The prevalence of AMD in the age groups of 60 ~ 69,70 ~ 79 and more than 80 were identified as 2. 55%,4. 37% and 9. 23% respectively（ P〈0. 05）. Smoking and angiocardiopathy were likely to increase the risk of AMD（ P〈0. 05）. The gender and ethnic were not associated significantly with AMD in this study. In the patients with AMD,binocular blindness and monocular blindness were 4% and 15. 56% respectively. Binocular low vision and monocular low vision were 32% or 28. 89%. Conclusion The prevalence of AMD in the rural area of Ningxia is lower than the reports in other areas of China and Caucasian in Western country. Age,smoking and angiocardiopathy are the main risk factors associated with AMD.