纳米银的抗菌机理研究进展

Progress of antibacterial mechanisms of silver nanoparticles

纳米银因其高效、广谱、不易产生耐药性、安全性高等优点,成为当前抗菌材料的研究热点之一,但目前对纳米银的抗菌机理仍有不同的认识。本文首先综述了国内外纳米银抗菌机理的研究进展和主要成果,主要从影响细菌生活环境、破坏细菌的细胞壁和细胞膜、抑制DNA复制、抑制酶呼吸作用和抑制其他酶活性5个方面分析了纳米银的抗菌机理。并且纳米银的抗菌过程受多种因素影响,文中详细阐述了纳米银的尺寸分布、形貌以及稳定剂、活性氧、菌种和培养基等因素对纳米银抗菌性的影响。最后指出纳米银的抗菌过程复杂,进一步研究其具体作用方式和机理以及影响抗菌作用的主要因素都将有助于纳米银抗菌材料的广泛应用。

Silver nanoparticles （SNP） have attracted much attention due to its high efficiency, wide spectrum, low drug-resistance to bacteria, and high safety. The research achievements in antibacterial mechanisms of SNP are summarized, starting from the analyses about the antibacterial mechanisms of SNP from the following aspects： effect on living environments of bacteria, destruction of cell wall and cell membrane of bacteria, inhibition of DNA replication, suppression of respiration of enzyme and inhibition of activity of other enzymes. Next, the important factors in the antibacterial properties of SNP are discussed, including the particle size and morphology of SNP, stabilizers, reactive oxygen, culture medium, etc. Lastly, some vital problems and prospects in the study about the antibacterial properties of SNP are indicated.