选育抗旱丰产小麦新品种的“拔节灌溉选择法”

Irrigation Breeding Method in Jointing Stage to Breed Drought-Resist and High-Yield Wheat Varieties

华北地区水资源严重不足已经明显影响了该区的经济发展和人们的正常生活。其中农业灌溉用水量巨大,而小麦为该区主要的灌溉用水作物,因此,培育和应用节水小麦品种是缓解该区淡水危机的重要途径。作者通过分析小麦生长需水规律和华北地区降水特点,在小麦全生育期只浇1水的条件下,比较了不同时间灌水对小麦生物学形成量和籽粒产量的影响,提出了选育抗旱丰产小麦新品种的"拔节灌溉选择法",即:在自然条件下,小麦全生育期只灌溉1次,灌溉时间为拔节期,根据小麦生长的综合表现,选留生长茂盛,生物学产量和籽粒产量都高的单株或株系。利用该方法经过十几年的选择,育成了系列节水丰产小麦新品种。

Lack of water resource greatly effects the daily life and economy developing of residents in North China. Agricultural irragation requires huge amount of water and wheat is the main irregation-required crop in this area, so breeding and applying water-saving wheat varieties is a very important way to relief water shortage.In this paper, after analyzing water requirement in wheat growing period and local precipitation patterns and researching the effects of different irrigation time to wheat biological accumulation and kernel yield when irregated only once during its whole life, the irrigation breeding method in jointing stage to breed water-saving and high-yield wheat varieties was proposed, in which wheat would be irrigated only once in jointing stage under the natural environments and based on the wheat growing status, well-developed plants and lines which also had high biological yield and kernel yield were selected.After applying this method more than ten years, a series of novel water-saving and high-yield wheat varieties were bred successfully.