独立机关——我国台湾地区行政组织法的难题

Independent Organ——Difficulty of Administrative Organization Law in Taiwan

设置独立机关主要是出于整合与协调社会利益和弥补民主政府因利益代表而产生的社会不信任感的需要。独立机关的设置应不属"宪法"的诫命,但其存在是"合宪"的。独立机关仅限于具体个案决定有独立自主行使职权可言;至若通案的政策决定,解释上应该是,只要在行使职权范围内,非不得为之,但此种政策决定就不在独立行使职权范围内,仍应与其他机关协调,并受"行政院"指挥监督。不服独立机关作成之行政处分,直接提起行政诉讼即可,无须先行诉愿。"立法院"拥有对独立机关的人事同意权,从而限制但又不至剥夺"行政院"对独立机关的人事权。以独立机关为例,"行政组织法"的完善需要从"宪法"的高度予以检视、解释。

The design of the independent organ is mainly for the integration and coordination of social interest as well as the remedy of social distrust of the democratic government due to the interest representation. This design belongs not to the order of the constitution because its existence is constitutional. Such independent organ can only decide to exercise its power in specific cases. While considering the whole decision, it should coordinate with other organs and should be guided and supervised by the administrative yuan. Any disagree of the punish decision made by the independent organ can be sued as an administrative litigation without petition first. The legislative yuan has the right to agree the personnel of the independent organ, which limits but does not deprive that right of the administrative yuan. Considering this example of the independent organ, the improvement of the administrative organization law should be viewed and explained at the level of the constitution.