“荷马社会”性质新探

The Social Nature of “The Society of Homer”

"荷马社会"并非氏族社会,胞族、氏族等并非当时的基本组织。当时多数地区已出现了贵族首领、贵族会议和人民大会等机构,但不同地区的社会性质有所不同。有些地区统治者的权力较稳固,贵族会议和人民大会也具备了一定的权力,已出现了早期的国家;而有些地区,共同体首领的统治主要依赖个人的能力,并不稳定,首领类似于"大人"。到古风时代初期,希腊各地均出现了国家。

＂The Society of Homer＂was not clan society, and the society was not grouped by phratries and gentes. There were kings （basileus）, aristocrats and Assembly in most regions, while the social natures in different regions were various. In some regions, the power of kings was stable, and aristocrats and the Assembly also shared some powers. It seems there were states in these areas. While in other regions, it seems the society was still undeveloped, with leaders of community are similar to＂Big-man＂, whose power mostly depended on theirs abilities. While at the beginning of Archaic Greece, there were states all over Greece.