不同颜色地膜对土壤水热和冬小麦生长的影响

Effects of Different Colors of Plastic Film on Soil Water Heat Conditions and Winter Wheat Growth

为探索雨养条件下不同颜色地膜覆盖对土壤水热动态及冬小麦生长的影响,设置黑、白2种不同颜色地膜覆盖和露地处理,使用TRIME-TDR及温度计对土壤水、热进行了全动态监测。结果表明,整个生育期内,覆膜处理增温效果显著,尤其在越冬期,黑、白覆膜处理土壤有效积温较对照分别增加130.5℃和69.8℃。全生育期内,黑色覆膜处理耕层土壤含水率较白色覆膜处理提高5.3%,且冬小麦越冬—返青期,黑色覆膜0~100cm土壤蓄水量较白色覆膜处理和对照分别提高40.1mm和23.2mm。冬小麦生殖生长阶段,黑色覆膜处理生长速率和地上部干物质量均高于白色覆膜处理,黑、白覆膜处理冬小麦产量较对照分别提高11.7%和6.5%;黑、白覆膜处理土壤水分利用效率较对照分别提高15.8%和7.3%。黑色覆膜处理有效减少越冬期低温对冬小麦生长的影响,同时能在早春干旱时节为冬小麦生长提供更为充足的水分供应。

In order to study the effects of different colors film mulching on soil water, thermal characteris- tics and winter wheat growth, two color film mulching treatments of black and white were set under rain- fed conditions, and the TRIME-TDR and the thermometers were used to dynamically monitor the soil wa- ter and heat during the growth period of winter wheat. The results showed that： there was a significant warming effect on soil temperature （0~5 cm layer） under film mulching treatments in the whole growth period. The warming effect was mostly reflected from the seedling stage to turning green stage. Compared with CK, at wintering stage the black mulching（BP） and white film mulching（WP） treatments increased the TT, by 130.5 ℃and 69.8 ℃, respectively. The top soil water content of BP treatment was 5.3% higher than that of BP treatment. From wintering to turning green stage, BP treatment had the highest soil water storage in 0~100 cm depth. Compared with WP treatment and CK, soil water storage increased by 40.1 mm and 23.2 mm in BP treatment, respectively. The growth rate and dry mater of BP treatment were higher than those of WP treatment in the reproductive stage. Compared with CK, the yield of BP and WP treatments increased by 11.7 %and 6.5 %. The water use efficiency of BP and WP treatments were 15.8% and 7.3% higher than that of CK. In all, BP treatment could reduce the impact of lower tempera- ture on winter wheat. In drought season of early spring, BP treatment could provide more water for the winter wheat growth.