水污染治理中的环境公正——基于华北地区庙峪水库的个案研究

Environmental justice in water pollution control: A case study of Miaoyu Reservoir in north China

由于参与水污染治理与水源地保护的多元利益相关者之间话语权力与利益诉求的不对等,水源保护地的村民不仅被贴上"水体环境污染者"的标签,承担起水污染治理与环境保护的责任,而且还在污染治理过程中利益受损,面临生存与发展困境。库区水污染治理处于一种环境不公正的失序状态。研究认为,以"人水和谐"为特征的环境利益共享不仅是实践环境公正的有效手段,而且还有利于经济社会发展和环境保护双赢局面的实现。然而,长效机制的建立还有待于进行包括水权制度在内的一系列制度建设。

The discourse power and multi - interests are not equivalent among the stakeholders participating in water pollution control and source -water protection. The residents living in the area of source -water protection are not only labeled as ＂water polluters＂, bearing the responsibility for the pollution control and environmental protection, but also suffer from the loss of interests in the process of pollution control ~facing the predicament of survival and development. Therefore, the water pollution control in the reservoir area remains in a disorder in terms of environmental justice. The paper argues that the environmental win - win mechanism characteristic of ＂harmony between human and water＂ is not only an effective approach to realizing environmental justice, but also advantageous to the socioeco- nomic development and environmental protection aiming at win - win goals. However, the establishment of a long - term mechanism of environmental protection relies on a series of institutional constructions, and especially the water rights system.