清代中越边境地区义学教育探析

An analysis of the free school education in the Sino- Vietnamese borderland during the Qing dynasty

为加强对中越边境地区的控制,清政府较为重视文化教育手段的运用,着力发展义学教育。该地区义学的教育目标重在开启民智,生源不局限于土司子弟,教学内容以识字、写字为主。义学的办学经费以官办为主、民助为辅。但是,与靠内地区尤其是发达地区相比,中越边境地区义学发展水平较低,主要表现为设学严重不足、办学规模小、师资水平不高、办学经费缺乏、办学效果不佳等,此外,该地区内部之间的义学也存在着发展不平衡的现象。

In order to strengthen the control of the Sino - Vietnamese borderland, the Qing government attached great importance to the application of various means of education and culture, and especially free school education. Such education aimed to enlighten the peo- ple. Students were not only the children of the local Tusi chieftains but also those of the ordinary people. The teaching content was main- ly literacy. The government provided most of the school fees while the local people provided the rest. Compared to the interior regions, especially the developed regions, the level of education in such borderland was very low, which found expression in poor teaching facili- ties,small enrollment,poor quality teachers, poor school funds and inefficient administration as well as some unbalanced development within such borderland.