声能录音时期昆曲录音的数字修复

The Digital Restoring for Kunqu Opera Recorded Using Acoustical Method

"声能录音时期"是录音技术发展史的第一阶段,该阶段的录音技术相对落后,录音制品音质差、噪音高,但我国这一时期录音制品,却不乏文化艺术上的瑰宝,其中包括大量"百戏之母"——昆曲的珍贵录音片段。本文描述了对声能录音时期的昆曲录音进行修复的方法。在描述了声能录音技术特点,笔者陈述了这一项目制作的指导思想,即:尊重昆曲的音响特点、修复过程不仅仅是降噪、尊重历史录音爱好者对历史录音的音响欣赏习惯。接下来,笔者分三个步骤讲述了修复操作的流程,并加以分析。首先是对本底噪声模型的修复,这其中还对本底噪声细分为"交流电噪声"和"摩擦噪声",通过它们产生的机理不同,而使用不同的消除办法。第二是对爆裂噪声的修复,笔者在对此类噪声修复的方法中,强调要使用手动方法,而不建议使用自动消除功能,因为声能录音中昆曲的板鼓十分微弱,如果使用消除,软件很容易把板鼓误判断成爆裂噪声。最后,是使用均衡器和激励器对音色进行修复的方法。通过对声能录音时期昆曲录音的修复操作,笔者总结出几条经验,企盼能对其他戏曲种类老录音的修复有所帮助。

The period of acoustical recording is the first period of the history of recording technology. In his period, although the record techs were underdeveloped, the record products have poor tone quality and high noise level, still there were lots of artiscal treasure in records, especially a mass of reordings of Kunqu opera, which is described as Mother of all kinds of opera. This article narrates the method on how to restore the kunqu opera recordings which were recorded using acoustical way. The author represents the guiding ideology on producing procedure of the project, which maintains the tone characteristics of the kunqu opera, reducing noise is not all to do during the producing procedure, respect the historical record- ing fan~ habit on hearing the historical recording. Then, the author introduced the restore flow and ana- lyzed it, which is divided into three steps. First, restore equivalent intrinsic noise. The intrinsic noise are consisted by AC power noise and rubbing noise. Different methods were used to resolve them because of different reason for generation. Second, resolve pop noise. With this kind of noise, the author emphasized that manual method must be used, not auto mode. Because the Pan - Ku of Kunqu Opera recorded using acoustical method is always so weak. If restore pop noise in auto mode, the Pan - Ku sometimes would be removed as pop sound. Third, the method to use EQ and Exiter to restore the tone. From restoring the Kunqu Opera recordings recorded using acoustical method, the author summerized some experience, loo- king forward to some other kinds of Chinese opera recording restoring.