基于计算实验的企业员工反生产行为控制研究

Research on Control over Employees Counterproductive Work Behavior Based on Computational Experiments

基于计算实验理论的全新视角,对员工反生产行为(CWB)的演化及控制进行模拟研究。首先在员工心理定性分析的基础上,描述了理性与非理性因素影响下的CWB双系统决策机制,并在其中考虑了情境因素和从众行为。然后在不同风险偏好的前提下,建立了企业监管的非对称博弈模型。最后结合我国OEM企业案例,用多智能体模拟实验研究了企业正式与非正式约束对员工CWB的控制效果。结果表明:员工入职甄选是至关重要的,神经质型员工超过半数将会使CWB有加速扩散的趋势。要推行经济高效的内部控制机制,一味提高员工收入并不能有效的控制CWB,过于严苛的处罚标准既耗费成本又会引发员工的逆反情绪。在非正式约束中,加强组织伦理建设可以通过提升从众阈值减少CWB发生。而创造更具挑战和激情的工作环境,可以使员工对CWB的损失更为敏感。在小世界网络为主体的工作网络中,有机式组织结构比机械式组织更有益于员工行为的稳定,优化利用员工非正式沟通渠道间的弱关系对控制CWB十分有效。

Counterproductive work behavior （CWB） which as the key factors that influence the enterprise＇s performance and the organizational stability, has become one of the most realist questions that enterprises concern. At present, researches mainly focus CWB on the aspect of concept connotation, influencing factors, structural dimension and measurement, etc. However, these research models which mostly adopted empirical methods based on Psychology and Sociology are hard to analyze the micro and dynamic mechanisms of employees＇ CWB. So recently, it is rare to find the discussions on prediction and control of staffs＇ CWB in different environment. Computational Experiments Theory provides new instrument to investigate the self-organization and dynamic evolution of complex systems. This article researched on the control over employees＇ CWB based on Computational Experiments Theory form a new perspective, through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, scientific experiments and recta-synthesis. At first, we build the two distinct cognitive systems under the influence of rational and irrational factors which based on the qualitative analysis of employees＇ psychology. It was taken into consideration that organizational environment and conformity learning rules. Next we construct an asymmetrical game model based on the different risks preference of employees, which under the business regulations. And then, the Multi-agent simulation technology is applied to the program of the simulation module of CWB and the computing model is confirmed be correct and strong robustness. Then through specially-designed experiments and a typical case of Chinese OEM, we study the control effect on formal and informal constraints which are used to administrate the CWB. These virtual experiments analyze the influence on CWB which are derived from personality traits, income level, reward and punishment system, organization ethics, work atmosphere and organizational structure. The experiment results show that： 1. The personality traits of employees have a significant impact on CWB. The experiment found that CWB will tend to accelerate when there are more than half neurotic type employees. So we need to pay attention to the job selection mechanism in the formal management system. 2. The management needs to pursue economic and efficient internal control mechanism, and pay attention to balance the employees＇ psychological perception. 3. It has no obvious effects to control CWB by blindly improving the employees＇ income. However, harsh punishments standards are costly to administration cost and will cause employees＇ rebellious mood. 4. The presentative judgment may cause conformity behavior in the informal constraints, so strengthen the construction of organizational ethics can reduce CWB though improving the environmental perception threshold of employees. 5. The managers create more challenging and passionate working environment can make employees more sensitive to the loss of deviant behaviors. 6. In the work-related network which small-world model as the main body, the organic type organization is more conducive than mechanical organization for the stability of employee＇s behaviors. And try to optimal use the weak ties between informal communication channels can make the effort of control over CWB remarkably.