载人航天器舱内流场与温度场松耦合计算方法研究

Research on Fluid/Thermal Loose Coupling Calculation Method of Manned Spacecraft Cabin

快速有效的舱内热环境预测分析方法及工具在载人航天器的设计中具有重要的研究地位,而预测方法的合理性、准确性及其计算速度是此类问题研究中的重点和难点。文章围绕计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)数值计算方法阐述了载人航天器中导热与对流换热的耦合求解问题,分析了不同的求解原理和特点。为了缓解计算速度的问题,基于航天器舱内热环境CFD数值预测方法提出了一种全新的"流场/温度场松耦合"计算方法。对比分析了此方法中温度场在不同时间步长下的计算结果,对计算步长的选取给出了合理的判定准则,同时还分析了不同时刻下设备表面对流换热系数和温度场的计算结果,结果表明文章提出的"流场/温度场松耦合"计算方法在大幅提高计算速度的同时还能在一定范围内保证计算精度,具有一定的工程应用前景和价值。

AbstractEffective prediction methods and tools of cabin thermal environment have significant importance in the research of manned spacecraft. The difficulties of the research of cabin thermal environment prediction are the rationality and accuracy of prediction methods, besides, the computing speed is also one of the main research points. This paper shows the coupling calculation of heat conduction and heat convection in manned spacecraft, which is based on the numerical calculation method. In order to improve the calculation speed, according to the computational fluid dynamics （CFD） numerical simulation method, this paper brings out a new “fluid/thermal loose coupling” calculation method. Different results of fluid distribution and temperature distribution at different time steps are compared, and the principle of time step choosing is given as a result in this paper. The results of heat convection coefficient and temperature field on the surface of devices are analyzed, which show this method not only improves the calculation speed, but also assures the precision of results. This “fluid/thermal loose coupling method” has prospect and value of engineering application.