不同预处理秸秆对土壤水分及冬小麦产量的影响

Effects of Different Pretreated Straw on Soil Water Distribution and Water Consumption Characteristics of Winter Wheat

通过田间试验,研究了不同预处理秸秆对土壤水分分布及冬小麦耗水特征的影响。结果表明,氨化粉碎秸秆减缓40～100cm土壤水分变化幅度。氨化长秸秆、氨化粉碎秸秆处理能显著降低冬小麦在耗水高峰期（灌浆期）的作物耗水量,较覆盖还田分别降低15.26%、13.72%。氨化秸秆施入土壤较未氨化秸秆覆盖还田措施提高冬小麦株高1.75cm,氨化粉碎秸秆提高冬小麦经济系数3.29%,效果显著。此外,冬小麦产量与作物全生育期耗水量呈显著负相关关系,与冬小麦株高、穗粒数、有效穗数则呈显著地正相关关系,氨化粉碎秸秆处理能稳定增加作物产量特征值,提高当季作物经济产量。

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the powdered and ammoniated straw on soil water distribution and water consumption characteristics of winter wheat.The results showed that compared with CK（no straw）,the powdered or ammoniated straw could improve 40～100cm of soil storage ability and significantly decrease the soil water consumption in water consumption peak（filling stage）of winter wheat by 13.72% ～15.26%,respectively.The powdered and ammoniated straw,compared with T1（straw mulching）,could significantly improve the plant height of winter wheat by 1.75 cm and increase crop coefficient of economic of winter wheat by 3.29%.In addition,the economic yield of winter wheat had a significant negative correlation with crop water consumption,whereas had a positive correlation with plant height,spike grain number and effective panicle number straw.The powdered and ammoniated straw could stably increase the characteristic value of winter crop.