地震动作用下单层砌体结构倒塌模拟

The collapse simulation of single-story masonry subjected to seismic ground motion

地震发生时建筑物的倒塌是造成人员伤亡的最直接原因。在地震救援时,救援人员对废墟形式的准确了解能够有效地提高救援效率。倒塌废墟形成规律的研究方法多种多样,利用数值方法模拟建筑物倒塌也是一种值得尝试的方法。利用数值方法进行结构倒塌模拟时可以通过程序开发分析,也可以直接使用显示动力分析软件分析。不管使用何种数值方法,结构构件的材料特性和断裂处理都直接影响着计算结果的准确度。本文基于显式动力分析软件LS-DYNA,使用winfrith材料模型和基于裂缝宽度相关的失效准则,进行了单层砌体振动台试验模型的倒塌模拟分析,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,此方法较为可靠,可进行砌体结构的倒塌模拟。

In an earthquake, the collapse of buildings is the most direct cause of casualties. In a seismic rescue, the exact realization of the ruin formation can improve the rescue effectively. Research methods of collapse ruins formations are varied, but the numerical method is also worth being attempted. The collapse simulation of structures with the numerical method can be implemented with application program developments, it can also be directly im- plemented with explicit dynamic software. No matter which kind of numerical method is used, both the material property of structure members and the fracture processing method directly affect the accuracy of the calculation re- sult. In the paper, the collapse simulation of a single-story masonry test model is achieved with dynamic software LS-DYNA,using Winfrith material model and failure criterion based on the crack width. The comparison between test and calculation results shows that the method is reliable and can be used for the collapse simulation of masonry.