基于Shapley值的竞争闭环供应链协调策略研究

Coordinating Strategy of Competitive Closed-Loop Supply Chain Based on Shapley Method

建立由两个竞争制造商和单一零售商组成的闭环供应链模型,将不同模式下的决策进行比较,并通过Shapley值法对系统进行策略协调。结论表明:自由竞争的两个制造商面对相同的产品需求函数和废旧品回收函数,在成本相同情况下,各决策变量对应相等。在集中决策模型中产品销售量、废旧产品回收量和回收率最高,系统总利润也最高。运用Shapley值法可以对系统进行优化,实现帕累托改进。在传统的正向供应链中,系统总利润随零售价格敏感系数增加而增加。相反,在逆向供应链中,系统总利润随回收价格敏感系数增加而减少。

This study establishes the closed-loop supply chain model composed by two competitive manufactures and a single retailer. It compares the profits under different decisions and adopts Shapley method to coordinate the system. Findings are as follows：Decision variables for two competitive manufactures are equal when they have the same demand function of products and recovery function of waste products based on the same cost; The system profit is highest under centralized decision strategy when the rate of product demanding, recycling of waste prod？ucts and recovery is the most efficient. The Shapley model can thus optimize the system in order to realize Pareto improvement. In traditional forward supply chain, the total profit of the system increases with increasing sensitive varieties of the retail price. On the contrary, in reverse supply chain, the gross profit decreases with the increase of price sensitive varieties.