从“否定的”异化到“肯定的”异化——一种对马克思哲学异化理论的肯定性解读

Alienation from the “No” to “Positive”——A positive interpretation of Marxist philosophy theory of alienation

异化作为马克思哲学的重要理论,在通常意义上,一些学者无论是在批判资本主义非类本质人还是在对现代性的反思中,一被论及,就不由地会联想到呈现在资本主义社会中种种非人的丑态,其要么被完全否定,寄希望于共产主义的实现;要么被历史地承认是人类历史的一个必经阶段,而尚未在这一阶段内作深度发掘。所以,批判异化、对全面的本质的人的展望不是目的,认为异化阶段是通向真正的人的过渡亦不是目的,重要的是,异化并非一无是处,它本身也有积极的、肯定的一面。这种肯定的体现在其条件性上,主要体现在以下三个方面:其在促进着人们非异化生活意识的觉醒,共产主义运动的自觉,乃至向本质的人生活世界的过渡中提供着条件。

Alienation as an important theory of Marxist philosophy, in generally, some scholars both in critique of capitalist class nature, or in the reflection of modernity, the one referred to, do not associate with by the present inhuman antics in the capitalist society, or be completely denied the hope and the realization of communism. Either by history to admit is an inevitable stage of human history, but not yet at this stage in deep excavation. So, criticism of the alienation, to the comprehensive nature of the forecast is not an end, that stage of alienation is the excessive to real person also is not an end, it is important that alienation is not nothing, it also has a positive and affirmative side, the author believed that this must reflect on the conditional, which embodies in the following three aspects： its in promoting the awakening of the awareness, consciousness of communist movement, and even to the nature of people provide the conditions in the transition of the life world.