双季糯高粱间作大豆群体优化技术研究

Group Improvement of Double- Season Waxy Sorghum and Soybean Intercropping Pattern

为了明确南方双季糯高粱与大豆间作模式下最优群体配置结构,以常规双季糯高粱国窖红1号和大豆品种南豆12为试验材料,比较分析糯高粱和大豆不同密度配置对作物主要农艺性状、产量构成因素、产量及效益的影响。结果表明:同一大豆密度下,随糯高粱密度的增加,两季糯高粱株高均增加,穗长、千粒重、穗粒重降低,产量表现为先增后减;随两作物密度的增加,大豆株高、底荚高度增加,有效分枝数、单株有效荚数、单株粒数和百粒重降低,产量先增加后降低;糯高粱总产以高粱9万株·hm-2、大豆9万株·hm-2密度处理最高,达8 701.39 kg·hm-2;大豆产量以糯高粱7.5万株·hm-2、大豆10.5万株·hm-2密度处理最高,达1 875 kg·hm-2;两季作物总产量、总产值、净收益、产投比均以糯高粱9万株·hm-2、大豆密度10.5万株·hm-2密度处理最高,分别为10 097.22 kg·hm-2、46 511.1元·hm-2、29 193.6 kg·hm-2、2.69。双季糯高粱、大豆1.8 m开厢,"2∶2"间作模式下,国窖红1号、南豆12密度分别为9万和12万株·hm-2是常规双季糯高粱、大豆高产高效最优群体配置结构。

In order to definite the best structure of group configuration under double-season waxy sorghum and soybean inter- cropping pattern, Guojiaohong 1 and Nandou 12 were used as materials, through field experiment, to compare and analyze the effect of main traits, yield components, yield and benefit of different waxy sorghum and soybean densities. The result showed that under the same soybean density, as waxy sorghum density increased, double-season waxy sorghum plant height increased, ear length, 1000-kernel weight, grain number per spike decreased and yield manifestated first increased and then decreased, effective pod per plant, grain number per plant, soybean plant height, bottom pod height increased, effective branches and 100-grain weight decreased, yield manifestated first increased and then decreased as the two crops density increased. When waxy sorghum and soybean densities were respectively 9 ×104 plant-ha-l and 9× 104 plant· ha-1, double season waxy sor- ghum yield was the highest, reached 8 701.39 kg·ha-l ; When waxy sorghum and soybean densities are respectively 7. 5 × 104 plant·ha-1 and 10. 5 ×104 plant·ha-1, soybean yield was the highest, reached 1 875 kg.ha-1 ; When waxy sorghum and soy- bean densities are respectively 9 × 10^4plant-ha-1 and 10, 5 × 10^4plant.ha-l , two crops total yield, total output value, net in- come and VCR are highest, respectively 10 097.22 kg.ha-2, 46 511.1 yuan·ha-1 , 29 193.6 kg·ha-1 , 2. 69. Guojiaohong 1 and Nandou 12 densities, respectively 9 104 plant·ha-1 and 10. 5 × 104 plant·ha-1 is the best structure of group configura- tion under double-season waxy sorghum and soybean wide row 1.8 m, ＇2：2＇ planting intercropping pattern.