从刑事错案反观证据

Study the Evidence in the View of Misjudged Criminal Cases

已有的相关研究表明,证据"失真"是导致刑事错案的主要原因。从刑事错案的角度来考察证据,有助于对证据的相关问题展开深入透彻的认识。刑事错案的本质在于"错判",刑事错案中的证据不因"错"而改变其证据的性质。虽然刑事错案的证据"失真",但是其仍然是以证据的形式证明着相关案件事实。法律事实是证据证明的直接结果,客观事实则是证据证明的终极目标。证据的关联性是证据的本质特征,证据的真实性通常以客观性和合法性作为保障。在诉讼证明过程中,"命题"是证明方法,"证据"是证明工具,"事实"是证明对象。对于这三者的准确定位有助于我们更好地认识诉讼证明。

The existing research about misjudged criminal cases shows that improper evidence is the main cause leading the mis- judged criminal cases. It is helpful to research the relevant problems of evidence deeply and throughly in the view of mis- judged criminal cases. The essence of misjudged criminal cases is the ＂misjudged＂, and the evidence in the misjudged cases still is evidence. Though the evidence in the misjudged criminal cases is improper, it can proof the case fact in the form of evidence. Legal fact is the direct result the evidence prove; objective fact is the ultimate target the evidence prove. The relevance is the nature characteristic, and the object and legality are the guarantee of the truth of the evi- dence. In the process of litigation proof, ＂proposition＂ is the proof method, ＂evidence＂ is the proof tool, and ＂fact＂ is the proof object. The correct location of the three can help us to acquaint the litigation proof better.