浅析域外“事实自证”规则在我国医疗诉讼之适用

Application of Overseas Res Ipsa Loquitur in Medical Litigation in China

《侵权责任法》明确了医疗侵权责任为过错责任规则,但基于医患关系特有的信息不对称、地位不对等的客观实在,实务中证明责任依然存在一定的问题,如结果意义证明责任无法举证证明时或真伪不明时,原告将陷入举证困境,无法主张其合法权益,而举证责任倒置将举证责任直接强加于被告身上,导致医疗纠纷有滥诉倾向。以探讨英美法系中的"事实自证"这一特殊规则及其构成要素为立足点,通过对该证据规则在医疗侵权诉讼中适用的可行性进行分析评价,试图对我国举证责任的分配进行一定程度的调和。

Tort Liability Act has been clear about the medical tort liability for fault liability principle, but the burden of proof in practice still exists certain problems on the basis of objective reality about information asymmetry and unfair status between doctors and patients. For example, the plaintiff will be in a dilemma of proof and cannot claim their legitimate rights and interests in the result of no-proof or apocryphal proof. At the same time, the defendant is imposed on the burden of proof making the medical disputes have a tendency to rampant litigation. To reach a certain degree of the distribution of burden of proof, this article focused on the constituent elements of Res Ipsa Loquitur in the common law in order to analyze and evaluate the possibility of applying to Res Ipsa Loquitur in medical tort.