心理危机评估与干预软件的研制与测试

DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF A SOFTWARE FOR ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION OF MENTAL CRISIS

目的 评估心理危机中自杀的危险程度,为基层心理医生预防自杀提供实用和有效的辅助软件。方法 研制由4个国际通用的自杀评估量表和1个自杀行为观察他评量表模块构成的心理危机评估体系,并设有1项干预模块引导使用者进行专业干预。结果 软件能快速给出测评结果并自动显示危险程度和处理意见;对超过中等危险度的数据,能给予屏显和声响2种方式报警。经对680名大学生进行自杀意念筛选,有较高的特异性。对30例有自杀意念者进行测评表明,自评量表评分与他评量表中相对应因子分呈明显正相关,r为0.55~0.72（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。对113例心理疾病患者进行测评,软件测评的自杀意念阳性率为53.5%,明显高于访谈测评结果（34.5%）（P〈0.01）。结论软件设计合理,可以对自杀意念作出较准确的评估,对专业化开展心理危机干预有较大帮助。

Objective To develop and test a system to assess the degree of risk of suicide in mental cri- sis and to intervene it, in order to provide an objective basis for prevention of suicide for basic mental doctor. Meth- ods The system consisted of four modules of international general self-rating scales of suicide and one other- rating scale for suicide behavior observation; in adition, there was an intervention module for leading the user to profes- sional intervention. The system could give an alarm according to the degree of risk. Data could be transformed into Excel file for statistics and management. Results The software could get the result lastly and show the risk degree and processing opinion. If the data were beyond moderate risk degree limit, the software could alarm in two ways with screen display and sound alarm. The software was used to screen someone with idea of suicide in 680 college students , the results showed a high specificity to it. Among 30 people with idea of suicide, the corresponding factor scores between self-rating scale and others rating scale were positively correlated （r=0.55 -0.72） , （P〈0.05 ,P〈 0.01）. The software test showed higher positive rate of suicide idea（53.5% ） than interview test（34.5% ） when 113 patients with mental disease were evaluated （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： The software is of reasonable design and reliability, which can be used to evaluate and prevent the suicide in mental crisis.