生态自然观:环境伦理学的哲学基础

The Ecological View as the Philosophical Foundation of Environmental Ethics

环境伦理学的产生展现了伦理学研究的新视域,实现了伦理学从人际伦理学向自然伦理学的重大拓展。但当前环境伦理学研究的一个薄弱环节是缺乏深厚的哲学基础性思考,有必要从哲学上阐述这种转折的可能性和合理性。环境伦理学的关键是处理和解决人与自然的关系和矛盾。人与自然的关系说到底取决于人对自然的认识和诉求,这正是哲学自然观的核心问题。因而,自然观应该成为环境伦理学的哲学基础,为其不同原则和理论进行鉴别、比较和分析,提供更根本的哲学根据。自然观与人的生存方式是相互作用的。自然观是人的生存方式的反映,是在最高哲学观念上对人的生存方式的认知。人类经历了自然生存、人工(技术)生存,正在走向生态(绿色)生存,自然观也相应地从天然自然观、人工自然观转向生态自然观。哲学观念的超越性和前瞻性,又可以为可持续发展观、科学发展观提供理论指导。

Environmental ethics is a new field in the research of ethics, which realizes the expansion from interpersonal ethics to naturalistic ethics. However, one of the weaknesses of the present research on environmental ethics is the lack of profound philosophical foundation. With the help of philosophy, the possibility and rationality of this shift can be further proved. Environmental ethics focuses on adjusting the relationship and resolving the conflict between man and nature. This relationship is determined in essence by man＇s understanding and request of nature, which is the core of the philosophical view of nature. Therefore, the view of nature is bound to be the philosophical foundation of environmental ethics by assisting in the discrimination, comparison and analysis of different principles and theories. View of nature and man＇s existence may interact. View of nature is the reflection and understanding of man＇s existence on the highest philosophical level. Human beings have pass through the stages of natural existence and artificial （or technical ） existence and is now marching towards ecological （or green ） existence, which should result in a corresponding shift in the view of nature. A forward-looking philosophy can provide theoretical guidance for the outlooks on sustainable development and scientific development.