吉林省西部土壤硒含量、形态分布及影响因素

Content,Form Distribution and Influencing Factors of Soil Selenium in Western Jilin Province

通过对吉林省西部洮南市、通榆县和乾安县3个地区的50个表层土壤样品进行调查研究,探讨其土壤硒含量、形态分布及其影响因素,从而为吉林省西部土壤硒改良提供科学依据。研究结果表明:洮南市、通榆县和乾安县土壤硒含量平均值分别为0.130,0.118,0.104 mg/kg。研究区的土壤62%属于缺硒土壤,余下的38%属于少硒土壤。洮南市以残渣态硒(32.77%)、强有机结合态硒(20.17%)和离子交换态硒(16.81%)为主;通榆县以强有机结合态(23.21%)、残渣态(22.32%)和腐植酸结合态硒(22.32%)为主;乾安县以强有机结合态(26.53%)、离子交换态(18.37%)和碳酸盐态硒(16.33%)为主。残渣态和强有机结合态是吉林西部土壤硒的主要形态。土壤铁锰结合态硒与土壤p H呈显著正相关,土壤强有机结合态硒与土壤p H呈显著负相关。残渣态硒、强有机结合态硒与土壤有机质含量、土壤腐殖质含量和土壤阳离子交换量呈显著正相关。土壤水溶态硒与土壤阳离子交换量也呈显著正相关。水溶态硒、离子交换态硒、碳酸盐态硒和强有机结合态硒受到土壤相关组分(Fe、Mn、As、F、Ca O、Si O2)的影响较大,而腐植酸结合态硒、铁锰结合态硒和残渣态硒与土壤相关组分关系不大。

Through investigating 50 surface soil samples of Taonan city, Tongyu county and Qian′an county in Western Jilin province, we explored content characteristics, from distribution and influen-cing factors of soil selenium, which would provide scientific basis for soil improvement of the region. Results showed that the average selenium content of soil in Taonan city, Tongyu county and Qian′an county was 0.130 mg/kg, 0.118 mg/kg and 0.104 mg/kg respectively. 62% of the soil in the stud-ied area was selenium deficient soil and the remaining 38% was low selenium soil. Selenium in Tao-nan city was mainly in residual phase （ 32.77%） , strong organic bound phase （ 20.17%） and ex-changeable phase（16.81%）. Selenium in Tongyu county was mainly in strong organic bound phase （23.21%）, residual phase（22.32%） and humic acid bound phase（22.32%）. Selenium in Qian′an county was mainly in strong organic bound phase（26.53%）, exchangeable phase（18.37%） and carbonate phase（16.33%）. Residual phase and strong organic bound phase were the main forms in soil of Western Jilin province. Fe-Mn oxide phase had significantly positive correlation with soil pH. Strong organic bound phase had significantly negative correlation with soil pH. Residual phase and strong organic bound phase had significantly positive correlation with soil organic matter content, hu-mus content and CEC. Water soluble phase also had significantly positive correlation with soil CEC. Water soluble phase, exchangeable phase, carbonate phase and strong organic bound phase had marked correlations with soil components （ Fe, Mn, As, F, CaO, SiO2 ） , but humic acid bound phase, Fe-Mn oxide phase and residual phase had no relations with soil components.